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package org.locationtech.jts.algorithm; |
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import java.util.ArrayList; |
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import java.util.Arrays; |
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import java.util.Comparator; |
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import java.util.Stack; |
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import java.util.TreeSet; |
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|
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.CoordinateArrays; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.CoordinateList; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Geometry; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryCollection; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.LineString; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.LinearRing; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Point; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Polygon; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.util.Assert; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.util.UniqueCoordinateArrayFilter; |
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|
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/** |
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* Computes the convex hull of a {@link Geometry}. |
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* The convex hull is the smallest convex Geometry that contains all the |
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* points in the input Geometry. |
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* <p> |
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* Uses the Graham Scan algorithm. |
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* |
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*@version 1.7 |
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*/ |
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public class ConvexHull |
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{ |
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private GeometryFactory geomFactory; |
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private Coordinate[] inputPts; |
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|
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/** |
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* Create a new convex hull construction for the input {@link Geometry}. |
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*/ |
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public ConvexHull(Geometry geometry) |
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{ |
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this(extractCoordinates(geometry), geometry.getFactory()); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Create a new convex hull construction for the input {@link Coordinate} array. |
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*/ |
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public ConvexHull(Coordinate[] pts, GeometryFactory geomFactory) |
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{ |
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inputPts = UniqueCoordinateArrayFilter.filterCoordinates(pts); |
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this.geomFactory = geomFactory; |
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} |
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private static Coordinate[] extractCoordinates(Geometry geom) |
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{ |
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UniqueCoordinateArrayFilter filter = new UniqueCoordinateArrayFilter(); |
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geom.apply(filter); |
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return filter.getCoordinates(); |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Returns a {@link Geometry} that represents the convex hull of the input |
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* geometry. |
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* The returned geometry contains the minimal number of points needed to |
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* represent the convex hull. In particular, no more than two consecutive |
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* points will be collinear. |
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* |
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* @return if the convex hull contains 3 or more points, a {@link Polygon}; |
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* 2 points, a {@link LineString}; |
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* 1 point, a {@link Point}; |
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* 0 points, an empty {@link GeometryCollection}. |
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*/ |
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public Geometry getConvexHull() { |
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if (inputPts.length == 0) { |
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return geomFactory.createGeometryCollection(); |
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} |
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if (inputPts.length == 1) { |
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return geomFactory.createPoint(inputPts[0]); |
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} |
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if (inputPts.length == 2) { |
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return geomFactory.createLineString(inputPts); |
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} |
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Coordinate[] reducedPts = inputPts; |
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if (inputPts.length > 50) { |
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reducedPts = reduce(inputPts); |
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} |
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Coordinate[] sortedPts = preSort(reducedPts); |
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Stack cHS = grahamScan(sortedPts); |
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Coordinate[] cH = toCoordinateArray(cHS); |
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return lineOrPolygon(cH); |
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} |
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/** |
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* An alternative to Stack.toArray, which is not present in earlier versions |
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* of Java. |
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*/ |
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protected Coordinate[] toCoordinateArray(Stack stack) { |
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Coordinate[] coordinates = new Coordinate[stack.size()]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < stack.size(); i++) { |
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Coordinate coordinate = (Coordinate) stack.get(i); |
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coordinates[i] = coordinate; |
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} |
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return coordinates; |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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* Uses a heuristic to reduce the number of points scanned |
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* to compute the hull. |
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* The heuristic is to find a polygon guaranteed to |
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* be in (or on) the hull, and eliminate all points inside it. |
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* A quadrilateral defined by the extremal points |
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* in the four orthogonal directions |
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* can be used, but even more inclusive is |
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* to use an octilateral defined by the points in the 8 cardinal directions. |
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* <p> |
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* Note that even if the method used to determine the polygon vertices |
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* is not 100% robust, this does not affect the robustness of the convex hull. |
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* <p> |
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* To satisfy the requirements of the Graham Scan algorithm, |
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* the returned array has at least 3 entries. |
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* |
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* @param pts the points to reduce |
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* @return the reduced list of points (at least 3) |
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*/ |
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private Coordinate[] reduce(Coordinate[] inputPts) |
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{ |
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Coordinate[] polyPts = computeOctRing(inputPts); |
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if (polyPts == null) |
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return inputPts; |
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TreeSet reducedSet = new TreeSet(); |
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for (int i = 0; i < polyPts.length; i++) { |
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reducedSet.add(polyPts[i]); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Add all unique points not in the interior poly. |
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* CGAlgorithms.isPointInRing is not defined for points actually on the ring, |
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* but this doesn't matter since the points of the interior polygon |
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* are forced to be in the reduced set. |
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*/ |
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for (int i = 0; i < inputPts.length; i++) { |
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if (! PointLocation.isInRing(inputPts[i], polyPts)) { |
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reducedSet.add(inputPts[i]); |
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} |
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} |
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Coordinate[] reducedPts = CoordinateArrays.toCoordinateArray(reducedSet); |
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|
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if (reducedPts.length < 3) |
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return padArray3(reducedPts); |
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return reducedPts; |
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} |
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private Coordinate[] padArray3(Coordinate[] pts) |
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{ |
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Coordinate[] pad = new Coordinate[3]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < pad.length; i++) { |
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if (i < pts.length) { |
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pad[i] = pts[i]; |
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} |
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else |
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pad[i] = pts[0]; |
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} |
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return pad; |
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} |
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private Coordinate[] preSort(Coordinate[] pts) { |
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Coordinate t; |
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for (int i = 1; i < pts.length; i++) { |
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if ((pts[i].y < pts[0].y) || ((pts[i].y == pts[0].y) && (pts[i].x < pts[0].x))) { |
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t = pts[0]; |
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pts[0] = pts[i]; |
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pts[i] = t; |
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} |
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} |
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Arrays.sort(pts, 1, pts.length, new RadialComparator(pts[0])); |
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return pts; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Uses the Graham Scan algorithm to compute the convex hull vertices. |
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* |
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* @param c a list of points, with at least 3 entries |
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* @return a Stack containing the ordered points of the convex hull ring |
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*/ |
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private Stack grahamScan(Coordinate[] c) { |
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Coordinate p; |
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Stack ps = new Stack(); |
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ps.push(c[0]); |
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ps.push(c[1]); |
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ps.push(c[2]); |
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for (int i = 3; i < c.length; i++) { |
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p = (Coordinate) ps.pop(); |
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while ( |
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! ps.empty() && |
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Orientation.index((Coordinate) ps.peek(), p, c[i]) > 0) { |
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p = (Coordinate) ps.pop(); |
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} |
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ps.push(p); |
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ps.push(c[i]); |
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} |
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ps.push(c[0]); |
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return ps; |
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} |
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|
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/** |
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*@return whether the three coordinates are collinear and c2 lies between |
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* c1 and c3 inclusive |
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*/ |
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private boolean isBetween(Coordinate c1, Coordinate c2, Coordinate c3) { |
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if (Orientation.index(c1, c2, c3) != 0) { |
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return false; |
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} |
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if (c1.x != c3.x) { |
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if (c1.x <= c2.x && c2.x <= c3.x) { |
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return true; |
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} |
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if (c3.x <= c2.x && c2.x <= c1.x) { |
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return true; |
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} |
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} |
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if (c1.y != c3.y) { |
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if (c1.y <= c2.y && c2.y <= c3.y) { |
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return true; |
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} |
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if (c3.y <= c2.y && c2.y <= c1.y) { |
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return true; |
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} |
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} |
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return false; |
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} |
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private Coordinate[] computeOctRing(Coordinate[] inputPts) { |
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Coordinate[] octPts = computeOctPts(inputPts); |
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CoordinateList coordList = new CoordinateList(); |
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coordList.add(octPts, false); |
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if (coordList.size() < 3) { |
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return null; |
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} |
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coordList.closeRing(); |
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return coordList.toCoordinateArray(); |
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} |
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private Coordinate[] computeOctPts(Coordinate[] inputPts) |
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{ |
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Coordinate[] pts = new Coordinate[8]; |
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for (int j = 0; j < pts.length; j++) { |
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pts[j] = inputPts[0]; |
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} |
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for (int i = 1; i < inputPts.length; i++) { |
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if (inputPts[i].x < pts[0].x) { |
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pts[0] = inputPts[i]; |
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} |
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if (inputPts[i].x - inputPts[i].y < pts[1].x - pts[1].y) { |
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pts[1] = inputPts[i]; |
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} |
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if (inputPts[i].y > pts[2].y) { |
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pts[2] = inputPts[i]; |
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} |
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if (inputPts[i].x + inputPts[i].y > pts[3].x + pts[3].y) { |
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pts[3] = inputPts[i]; |
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} |
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if (inputPts[i].x > pts[4].x) { |
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pts[4] = inputPts[i]; |
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} |
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if (inputPts[i].x - inputPts[i].y > pts[5].x - pts[5].y) { |
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pts[5] = inputPts[i]; |
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} |
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if (inputPts[i].y < pts[6].y) { |
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pts[6] = inputPts[i]; |
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} |
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if (inputPts[i].x + inputPts[i].y < pts[7].x + pts[7].y) { |
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pts[7] = inputPts[i]; |
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} |
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} |
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return pts; |
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} |
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/** |
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*@param vertices the vertices of a linear ring, which may or may not be |
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* flattened (i.e. vertices collinear) |
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*@return a 2-vertex <code>LineString</code> if the vertices are |
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* collinear; otherwise, a <code>Polygon</code> with unnecessary |
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* (collinear) vertices removed |
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*/ |
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private Geometry lineOrPolygon(Coordinate[] coordinates) { |
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coordinates = cleanRing(coordinates); |
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if (coordinates.length == 3) { |
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return geomFactory.createLineString(new Coordinate[]{coordinates[0], coordinates[1]}); |
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} |
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LinearRing linearRing = geomFactory.createLinearRing(coordinates); |
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return geomFactory.createPolygon(linearRing); |
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} |
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/** |
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*@param vertices the vertices of a linear ring, which may or may not be |
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* flattened (i.e. vertices collinear) |
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*@return the coordinates with unnecessary (collinear) vertices |
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* removed |
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*/ |
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private Coordinate[] cleanRing(Coordinate[] original) { |
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Assert.equals(original[0], original[original.length - 1]); |
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ArrayList cleanedRing = new ArrayList(); |
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Coordinate previousDistinctCoordinate = null; |
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for (int i = 0; i <= original.length - 2; i++) { |
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Coordinate currentCoordinate = original[i]; |
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Coordinate nextCoordinate = original[i+1]; |
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if (currentCoordinate.equals(nextCoordinate)) { |
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continue; |
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} |
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if (previousDistinctCoordinate != null |
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&& isBetween(previousDistinctCoordinate, currentCoordinate, nextCoordinate)) { |
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continue; |
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} |
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cleanedRing.add(currentCoordinate); |
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previousDistinctCoordinate = currentCoordinate; |
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} |
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cleanedRing.add(original[original.length - 1]); |
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Coordinate[] cleanedRingCoordinates = new Coordinate[cleanedRing.size()]; |
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return (Coordinate[]) cleanedRing.toArray(cleanedRingCoordinates); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Compares {@link Coordinate}s for their angle and distance |
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* relative to an origin. |
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* |
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* @author Martin Davis |
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* @version 1.7 |
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*/ |
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private static class RadialComparator |
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implements Comparator |
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{ |
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private Coordinate origin; |
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|
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public RadialComparator(Coordinate origin) |
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{ |
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this.origin = origin; |
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} |
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public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) |
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{ |
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Coordinate p1 = (Coordinate) o1; |
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Coordinate p2 = (Coordinate) o2; |
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return polarCompare(origin, p1, p2); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Given two points p and q compare them with respect to their radial |
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* ordering about point o. First checks radial ordering. |
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* If points are collinear, the comparison is based |
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* on their distance to the origin. |
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* <p> |
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* p < q iff |
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* <ul> |
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* <li>ang(o-p) < ang(o-q) (e.g. o-p-q is CCW) |
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* <li>or ang(o-p) == ang(o-q) && dist(o,p) < dist(o,q) |
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* </ul> |
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* |
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* @param o the origin |
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* @param p a point |
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* @param q another point |
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* @return -1, 0 or 1 depending on whether p is less than, |
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* equal to or greater than q |
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*/ |
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private static int polarCompare(Coordinate o, Coordinate p, Coordinate q) |
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{ |
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double dxp = p.x - o.x; |
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double dyp = p.y - o.y; |
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double dxq = q.x - o.x; |
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double dyq = q.y - o.y; |
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int orient = Orientation.index(o, p, q); |
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if (orient == Orientation.COUNTERCLOCKWISE) return 1; |
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if (orient == Orientation.CLOCKWISE) return -1; |
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double op = dxp * dxp + dyp * dyp; |
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double oq = dxq * dxq + dyq * dyq; |
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if (op < oq) { |
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return -1; |
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} |
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if (op > oq) { |
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return 1; |
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} |
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return 0; |
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} |
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|
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} |
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} |
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|