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package org.locationtech.jts.index.hprtree; |
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import java.util.ArrayList; |
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import java.util.Collections; |
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import java.util.Comparator; |
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import java.util.List; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Envelope; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.index.ArrayListVisitor; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.index.ItemVisitor; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.index.SpatialIndex; |
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import org.locationtech.jts.index.strtree.STRtree; |
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|
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/** |
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* A Hilbert-Packed R-tree. This is a static R-tree |
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* which is packed by using the Hilbert ordering |
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* of the tree items. |
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* <p> |
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* The tree is constructed by sorting the items |
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* by the Hilbert code of the midpoint of their envelope. |
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* Then, a set of internal layers is created recursively |
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* as follows: |
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* <ul> |
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* <li>The items/nodes of the previous are partitioned into blocks |
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* of size <code>nodeCapacity</code> |
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* <li>For each block a layer node is created with range |
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* equal to the envelope of the items/nodess in the block |
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* </ul> |
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* The internal layers are stored using an array to |
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* store the node bounds. |
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* The link between a node and its children is |
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* stored implicitly in the indexes of the array. |
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* For efficiency, the offsets to the layers |
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* within the node array are pre-computed and stored. |
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* <p> |
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* NOTE: Based on performance testing, |
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* the HPRtree is somewhat faster than the STRtree. |
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* It should also be more memory-efficent, |
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* due to fewer object allocations. |
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* However, it is not clear whether this |
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* will produce a significant improvement |
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* for use in JTS operations. |
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* |
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* @see STRtree |
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* |
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* |
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* @author Martin Davis |
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* |
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*/ |
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public class HPRtree |
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implements SpatialIndex |
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{ |
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private static final int ENV_SIZE = 4; |
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private static final int HILBERT_LEVEL = 12; |
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private static int DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY = 16; |
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private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>(); |
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private int nodeCapacity = DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY; |
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private Envelope totalExtent = new Envelope(); |
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private int[] layerStartIndex; |
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private double[] nodeBounds; |
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private boolean isBuilt = false; |
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/** |
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* Creates a new index with the default node capacity. |
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*/ |
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public HPRtree() { |
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this(DEFAULT_NODE_CAPACITY); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Creates a new index with the given node capacity. |
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* |
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* @param nodeCapacity the node capacity to use |
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*/ |
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public HPRtree(int nodeCapacity) { |
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this.nodeCapacity = nodeCapacity; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Gets the number of items in the index. |
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* |
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* @return the number of items |
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*/ |
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public int size() { |
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return items.size(); |
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} |
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@Override |
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public void insert(Envelope itemEnv, Object item) { |
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if (isBuilt) { |
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throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot insert items after tree is built."); |
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} |
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items.add( new Item(itemEnv, item) ); |
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totalExtent.expandToInclude(itemEnv); |
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} |
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@Override |
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public List query(Envelope searchEnv) { |
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build(); |
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if (! totalExtent.intersects(searchEnv)) |
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return new ArrayList(); |
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ArrayListVisitor visitor = new ArrayListVisitor(); |
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query(searchEnv, visitor); |
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return visitor.getItems(); |
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} |
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@Override |
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public void query(Envelope searchEnv, ItemVisitor visitor) { |
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build(); |
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if (! totalExtent.intersects(searchEnv)) |
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return; |
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if (layerStartIndex == null) { |
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queryItems(0, searchEnv, visitor); |
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} |
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else { |
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queryTopLayer(searchEnv, visitor); |
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} |
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} |
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private void queryTopLayer(Envelope searchEnv, ItemVisitor visitor) { |
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int layerIndex = layerStartIndex.length - 2; |
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int layerSize = layerSize(layerIndex); |
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for (int i = 0; i < layerSize; i += ENV_SIZE) { |
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queryNode(layerIndex, i, searchEnv, visitor); |
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} |
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} |
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private void queryNode(int layerIndex, int nodeOffset, Envelope searchEnv, ItemVisitor visitor) { |
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int layerStart = layerStartIndex[layerIndex]; |
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int nodeIndex = layerStart + nodeOffset; |
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if (! intersects(nodeIndex, searchEnv)) return; |
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if (layerIndex == 0) { |
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int childNodesOffset = nodeOffset / ENV_SIZE * nodeCapacity; |
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queryItems(childNodesOffset, searchEnv, visitor); |
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} |
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else { |
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int childNodesOffset = nodeOffset * nodeCapacity; |
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queryNodeChildren(layerIndex - 1, childNodesOffset, searchEnv, visitor); |
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} |
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} |
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private boolean intersects(int nodeIndex, Envelope env) { |
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boolean isBeyond = (env.getMaxX() < nodeBounds[nodeIndex]) |
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|| (env.getMaxY() < nodeBounds[nodeIndex+1]) |
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|| (env.getMinX() > nodeBounds[nodeIndex+2]) |
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|| (env.getMinY() > nodeBounds[nodeIndex+3]); |
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return ! isBeyond; |
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} |
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private void queryNodeChildren(int layerIndex, int blockOffset, Envelope searchEnv, ItemVisitor visitor) { |
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int layerStart = layerStartIndex[layerIndex]; |
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int layerEnd = layerStartIndex[layerIndex + 1]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < nodeCapacity; i++) { |
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int nodeOffset = blockOffset + ENV_SIZE * i; |
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if (layerStart + nodeOffset >= layerEnd) break; |
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queryNode(layerIndex, nodeOffset, searchEnv, visitor); |
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} |
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} |
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private void queryItems(int blockStart, Envelope searchEnv, ItemVisitor visitor) { |
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for (int i = 0; i < nodeCapacity; i++) { |
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int itemIndex = blockStart + i; |
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if (itemIndex >= items.size()) break; |
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Item item = items.get(itemIndex); |
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if (intersects( item.getEnvelope(), searchEnv) ) { |
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visitor.visitItem(item.getItem()); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/** |
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* Tests whether two envelopes intersect. |
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* Avoids the null check in {@link Envelope#intersects(Envelope)}. |
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* |
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* @param env1 an envelope |
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* @param env2 an envelope |
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* @return true if the envelopes intersect |
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*/ |
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private static boolean intersects(Envelope env1, Envelope env2) { |
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return !(env2.getMinX() > env1.getMaxX() || |
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env2.getMaxX() < env1.getMinX() || |
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env2.getMinY() > env1.getMaxY() || |
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env2.getMaxY() < env1.getMinY()); |
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} |
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private int layerSize(int layerIndex) { |
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int layerStart = layerStartIndex[layerIndex]; |
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int layerEnd = layerStartIndex[layerIndex + 1]; |
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return layerEnd - layerStart; |
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} |
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@Override |
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public boolean remove(Envelope itemEnv, Object item) { |
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return false; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Builds the index, if not already built. |
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*/ |
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public synchronized void build() { |
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if (isBuilt) return; |
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isBuilt = true; |
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if (items.size() <= nodeCapacity) return; |
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sortItems(); |
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layerStartIndex = computeLayerIndices(items.size(), nodeCapacity); |
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int nodeCount = layerStartIndex[ layerStartIndex.length - 1 ] / 4; |
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nodeBounds = createBoundsArray(nodeCount); |
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computeLeafNodes(layerStartIndex[1]); |
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for (int i = 1; i < layerStartIndex.length - 1; i++) { |
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computeLayerNodes(i); |
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} |
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} |
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private static void dumpItems(List<Item> items) { |
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GeometryFactory fact = new GeometryFactory(); |
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for (Item item : items) { |
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Envelope env = item.getEnvelope(); |
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System.out.println(fact.toGeometry(env)); |
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} |
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} |
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private static double[] createBoundsArray(int size) { |
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double[] a = new double[4*size]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { |
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int index = 4*i; |
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a[index] = Double.MAX_VALUE; |
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a[index+1] = Double.MAX_VALUE; |
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a[index+2] = -Double.MAX_VALUE; |
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a[index+3] = -Double.MAX_VALUE; |
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} |
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return a; |
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} |
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private void computeLayerNodes(int layerIndex) { |
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int layerStart = layerStartIndex[layerIndex]; |
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int childLayerStart = layerStartIndex[layerIndex - 1]; |
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int layerSize = layerSize(layerIndex); |
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int childLayerEnd = layerStart; |
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for (int i = 0; i < layerSize; i += ENV_SIZE) { |
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int childStart = childLayerStart + nodeCapacity * i; |
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computeNodeBounds(layerStart + i, childStart, childLayerEnd); |
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} |
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} |
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private void computeNodeBounds(int nodeIndex, int blockStart, int nodeMaxIndex) { |
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for (int i = 0; i <= nodeCapacity; i++ ) { |
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int index = blockStart + 4 * i; |
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if (index >= nodeMaxIndex) break; |
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updateNodeBounds(nodeIndex, nodeBounds[index], nodeBounds[index+1], nodeBounds[index+2], nodeBounds[index+3]); |
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} |
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} |
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private void computeLeafNodes(int layerSize) { |
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for (int i = 0; i < layerSize; i += ENV_SIZE) { |
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computeLeafNodeBounds(i, nodeCapacity * i/4); |
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} |
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} |
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private void computeLeafNodeBounds(int nodeIndex, int blockStart) { |
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for (int i = 0; i <= nodeCapacity; i++ ) { |
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int itemIndex = blockStart + i; |
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if (itemIndex >= items.size()) break; |
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Envelope env = items.get(itemIndex).getEnvelope(); |
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updateNodeBounds(nodeIndex, env.getMinX(), env.getMinY(), env.getMaxX(), env.getMaxY()); |
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} |
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} |
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private void updateNodeBounds(int nodeIndex, double minX, double minY, double maxX, double maxY) { |
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if (minX < nodeBounds[nodeIndex]) nodeBounds[nodeIndex] = minX; |
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if (minY < nodeBounds[nodeIndex+1]) nodeBounds[nodeIndex+1] = minY; |
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if (maxX > nodeBounds[nodeIndex+2]) nodeBounds[nodeIndex+2] = maxX; |
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if (maxY > nodeBounds[nodeIndex+3]) nodeBounds[nodeIndex+3] = maxY; |
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} |
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private Envelope getNodeEnvelope(int i) { |
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return new Envelope(nodeBounds[i], nodeBounds[i+1], nodeBounds[i+2], nodeBounds[i+3]); |
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} |
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private static int[] computeLayerIndices(int itemSize, int nodeCapacity) { |
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List<Integer> layerIndexList = new ArrayList<Integer>(); |
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int layerSize = itemSize; |
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int index = 0; |
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do { |
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layerIndexList.add(index); |
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layerSize = numNodesToCover(layerSize, nodeCapacity); |
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index += ENV_SIZE * layerSize; |
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} while (layerSize > 1); |
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return toIntArray(layerIndexList); |
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} |
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/** |
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* Computes the number of blocks (nodes) required to |
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* cover a given number of children. |
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* |
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* @param nChild |
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* @param nodeCapacity |
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* @return the number of nodes needed to cover the children |
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*/ |
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private static int numNodesToCover(int nChild, int nodeCapacity) { |
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int mult = nChild / nodeCapacity; |
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int total = mult * nodeCapacity; |
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if (total == nChild) return mult; |
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return mult + 1; |
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} |
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private static int[] toIntArray(List<Integer> list) { |
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int[] array = new int[list.size()]; |
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for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { |
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array[i] = list.get(i); |
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} |
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return array; |
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} |
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/** |
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* Gets the extents of the internal index nodes |
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* |
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* @return a list of the internal node extents |
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*/ |
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public Envelope[] getBounds() { |
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int numNodes = nodeBounds.length / 4; |
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Envelope[] bounds = new Envelope[numNodes]; |
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for (int i = numNodes - 1; i >= 0; i--) { |
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int boundIndex = 4 * i; |
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bounds[i] = new Envelope( nodeBounds[boundIndex], nodeBounds[boundIndex+2], |
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nodeBounds[boundIndex+1], nodeBounds[boundIndex+3]); |
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} |
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return bounds; |
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} |
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private void sortItems() { |
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ItemComparator comp = new ItemComparator(new HilbertEncoder(HILBERT_LEVEL, totalExtent)); |
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Collections.sort(items, comp); |
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} |
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static class ItemComparator implements Comparator<Item> { |
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private HilbertEncoder encoder; |
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public ItemComparator(HilbertEncoder encoder) { |
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this.encoder = encoder; |
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} |
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@Override |
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public int compare(Item item1, Item item2) { |
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int hcode1 = encoder.encode(item1.getEnvelope()); |
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int hcode2 = encoder.encode(item2.getEnvelope()); |
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return Integer.compare(hcode1, hcode2); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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